1:4 ~1:2 of decoction by tube dilution method had inhibitory effect on bacillus pyocyaneus and bacillus proteus.

Intraperitoneal injection of raw extract containing solasonine to rats could increase blood sugar, but it had no such effects on tetraoxypyrimidine-induced diabetes in rats.

Solasodine citrate had obvious analgesic effect on mice.

Solasodine citrate had obvious anti inflammation on burn of rabbit ear, it also had inhibitory effect on experimental arthritis in rats.

Administration of 0.5mg/kg solasodine contained in long kui to rats or rabbits could increase the reactivity of cerebral cortex to stimulation and conditioned reflex activity. But consecutive administration for 5~10 days or 5mg/kg each time had the contrary effect, large dosage could even lower the sensibility to pain.

The fruits of long kui had antitussive and expetorant effects.

The rat mastocyte degranulation could be inhibited by above 5mg/ml nightshade omni-alkaloid. LDT4 receptor of ileo-longitudinal muscle of Guinea pig could be blocked significantly by over 0.1mg/ml and posses the dependence of dosage. These results indicated that nightshade omni-alkaloid could control asthma by stabling the mastocyte membrane, inhibiting the releasing of allergen medium bistamine and LTD4 and blocking the LTD4 receptor.

Solanum nigrum (aerial parts) powder and its methanolic extract decreased the ulcer index significantly. The activity may be due to inhibition of acid and pepsin secretions and/or their in vitro ability to bind these.

On intraperitoneal injection, the ethanol extract of the fruit of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) significantly prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, produced alteration in the general behavior pattern, reduced exploratory behavior pattern, suppressed the aggressive behavior, affected locomotor activity and reduced spontaneous motility. The observations suggest that the fruit of S. nigrum possesses potential CNS-depressant action.

The presence of acetylcholine in aqueous extracts of the fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn. (black nightshade) has been established based upon the following pharmacological tests: a) isotonic contraction of the isolated toad rectus abdominis; b) negative chronotropic and inotropic action on the isolated toad heart; c) isotonic contraction of the isolated guinea pig's ileum; d) isotonic contraction of the rat's isolated jejunum; 3) decrease on the cat's arterial blood pressure; f) secretory effects on the rat's submaxillary gland. These actions were selectively blocked by curate or atropine and disappeared after incubation of the extract at 37 C with plasma. Further evidence showing that the fruit of the black nightshade contains acetylcholine was obtained by chromatographic separation of the aqueous extract. The average content of acetylcholine was found to be 250 micrograms/g of fruit.

The 50% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Solanum nigrum was tested in vitro for its cytoprotection against gentamicin-induced toxicity on Vero cells. Cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited as assessed by the Trypan blue exclusion assay and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT) assay. The test extract also exhibited significant hydroxyl radical scavenging potential, thus suggesting its probable mechanism of cytoprotection.

long kui had atropine-like effect. Solasonine could excite the heart.

Clinical reports showed that long kui was effective in the clinical treatment for cancers cancer.

Long Kui Guo, the fruit of long kui, was used in the treatment for acute tonsillitis, prostatitis, and acute nephritis, good effects were obtained.

Except those noted, all references come from Weng Weiliang, et al., Clinical Chinese materia medica, Henan Science & Technology Press, 1998