Ren Shen can improve the exciting process of the brain and its inhibiting process as well. It increases the ability of both mental labour and physical labour so as to promote the work efficiency and show an anti-fatigue action.

Ren Shen can facilitate the acquirement, preservation, and recurrence of memory in various study task to different extent. This function may be mainly related to the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in the brain. Ren

As to the heart, Ren Shen can increase myocardial contractive, decrease heart rate, lower myocardial oxygen consumption, increase cardiac output and the volume of blood flow in the coronary artery, antagonize myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia. Its function on blood vessels varies in different kind of vessels and different conditions of the human body onload="highlight();" . Generally speaking, it's a vessel-dilating function; but there're also reports showing its function of vessel-contracting at small dosage and vessel-dilating at large dosage. In anaesthetized animals, it can increase the blood pressure at small dosage and lower the blood pressure at large dosage, but therapeutic dose has no obvious effect on patients' blood pressure.

Ren Shen has regulating function on abnormal blood sugar level, it can increase the sugar-lowering function of insulin; but it has no obvious influence over normal blood sugar level. It can promote the synthesis of RNA and protein in all tissues of human body onload="highlight();" , and the active ingredient is ginsenoside. It can improve the condition of blood fat, lower the cholesterol, triglyceride, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and antagonize atherosclerosis.

Ren Shen has stimulative effect on pituitary-adrenal cortex system, it can increase the level of plasma corticosterone; long-time administration of ginsenoside can increase the weight of adrenal gland in rats, and the thymus gland will atrophy. It has sexual gland-stimulating function, by which copulating phenomenon will appear in castrated rats, and the weights of prostates and spermatophore will increase; ovariectomized rats will show straong estrogenic function, the weights of uterus and ovary will increase.

Ren Shen can increase the phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial system, it can increase the lymphocyte transformation rate and g-globin, IgM in healthy human beings. It can increase the activity of NKC and the production of interferon, and obviously increase the antibody onload="highlight();" in animals stimulated by various antigens as well.

Ren Shen can increase the protective ability of human body onload="highlight();" against harmful stimulation, abd increase the adaptability of body onload="highlight();" . It has non-specific resisting ability against various harmful stimulation such as physical, chemical and biologic ones, restore the abnormal function of human body onload="highlight();" .

Ren Shen and its extracts have protective and stimulative function on the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow, increase the counts of RBC, WBC, platelet and hemoglobin in experimental animals and patients with anemia. When the peripheral blood cells decrease or the bone marrow is suppressed, the function of increasing peripheral blood cells will be more obvious. Ren Shen also has anti platelet aggregation function.

Anti-radiation, anti-shock, anti liver injury, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-oxidation.

Ren Shen Injection 2ml (containing 5g hong shen) was mixed into 500ml 10% glucose for intravenous drip, once every day. After the conditions were improved, the treatment continued for 5 days to consolidate the curative effect. 4 cases of arrhythmia which occurred 2~3 weeks after the attack of acute myocardial infarction and couln't be cured with conventional western medicine was treated. It was found that premature disappeared basically after 2 treatment, non-paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia could be improved within 1 day's treatment.

Hong Shen was made into an injection which had the content of 200mg/ml. 6~10ml injection was mixed into 10% glucose 40ml for intravenous injection, 1~2 times every day. 31 cases of angina pectoris were treated, the effective rate was 93.54%.

10ml Du Shen Injection (300ml hong shen in each bottle of 2ml) was mixed into 40ml 5% glucose for intravenous injection, once daily, 10 days as a course of treatment, and 4~5 days' interval between two courses. Antibacterial and antiviral treatment may also be employed if necessary. 40 patients were treated, 11 were markedly effective, 10 effective, the total effective rate was 96.8%.

Oral administration of ren shen liquid extract, 20 drips, bid, showed effects in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, neurosis, etc.. The subjective symptoms could be improved obviously, angina or headache relieved, sleep becaome normal, and the voltage of T and R wave increased.

Shen Shai Shen 0.2g, lu dou 50g, lu cha ye 5g, sheng da huang 1.5g were made into 50ml liquid which was the dosage of one treatment, three times daily. Take the treatment for 2 weeks. 10 patients were treated, the function of lowering cholesterol and b-lipoprotein was obvious. 5:1 concentrated ren shen extractum at the dosage of 40mg daily also showed good effect in treating hypercholesterolemia.

Oral administration of ren shen extractum, 0.5ml, bid, could obviously decrease glucose in urine and lower blood sugar by 40mg%~50mg% in mild cases, and the effect could continue for more than 2 weeks after quitting the drug. In moderate cases, though blood sugar-lowering effect was not obvious, the treatment could improve general symptoms of most patients. In moderate or severe cases, the combination with insulin could decrease the dosage of insulin, prolong the time of lowering blood sugar.

Oral administration of 3% ren shen tincture, 5ml, three times daily. After 25~28 days' treatment, symptoms such as general fatigue, headache, insomnia and poor appetite would disappear.

Decoction of yi shan shen 9~10g and ge jie (head removed) one pair, 1 dose every day. 16 cases were treated. When the symptoms were checked, the drugs were made into powder for oral administration, 6g daily. 9 cases were clinically controlled, 3 markedly effective, 3 improved, the total effective rate was 92%.

10g ren shen was decocted concentratedly, 1 dose every day. Supporting treatment was also applied. After 1 weeks' treatment, the conditions would be improved; after 2 months, the liver function restored.

5ml leach solution of hong shen (equal to 3g crude drug), once daily for 5 days in succession was employed to prevent the adverse reactions caused by decreasing hormone. 100 cases were observed, the curative rate was 78%.

Ren Shen Tablet, 3 tablets, tid, for 30 days in succession, and conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied at the mean time. 10 cases of lung cancer, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and cervical carcinoma were treated. The subjective symptoms could be improved obviously, sleep improved, appetite increased, WBC increased, liver function improved.

Oral administration of ren shen extractum capsule (25mg per capsule), 2 capsule, tid, 1 month as a course of treatment. 44 cases of rheumatic arthritis were treated, and the total effective rate was 82.7%.

Except those noted, all references come from Weng Weiliang, et al., Clinical Chinese materia medica, Henan Science & Technology Press, 1998