Water decoction alcohol precipitation of shui zhi could increase the blood flow volume in coronary vessels by 9% after 5 minutes' perfusion to isolated rat hearts, but the volume would be reduced by 10% after 10 minutes' perfusion. It could lower the amplitude of contraction of cardiac muscles. shui zhi could antagonize the anoxia of cardiac muscles, inhibit the platelet aggregation and relieve the arterial spasm.

Water decoction alcohol precipitation of shui zhi could lower plasma viscosity, lower whole blood viscosity under low shear, inhibit the platelet aggregation and in vitro thrombosis. shui zhi powder could improve micro-circulation in animals.

shui zhi could lower cholesterol, triglyceride in rabbits with hyperlipemia and reduce atherosclerotic plaques.

shui zhi could protect acute renal failure caused by heat, ischemia and glycerin.

shui zhi could terminate the pregnancy in all stages, but it had best effect on early pregnancy.

Hirudin had inhibitory effect on tumor cells, and had certain inhibitory effect on the growth of mice liver cancer. The high anti-coagulant effect of leech could help anticancer drugs and immune competent cells enter the cancer tissues to kill cancer cells.

Promotion of lung tumor colonization in mice by the synthetic thrombin inhibitor (no. 805) and its reversal by leech salivary gland extracts.

The role of anticoagulation per se in the reduction of experimental or spontaneous metastasis still remains to be determined, as shown by the conflicting results reported by the literature using different conventional anticoagulants. A new compound has been synthesized (compound no. 805) which prolongs or suppresses coagulation via specific inhibition of thrombin and its possible use in a model of experimental metastasis to clarify the role of anticoagulants in tumor spread was investigated. Contrary to our expectations, this compound increased rather than decreased the number of lung colonies induced by intravenous injections of a variety of murine neoplasias. Studies of the mechanism of this effect indicated that the compound increases retention of tumor cells by the lung without apparent impairment of the natural cell immune system, suggesting that the synthetic thrombin inhibitor may enhance vascular attachment of tumor cells. The promoting effect of compound no. 805 on metastasis was totally reversed by the administration of leech salivary gland extracts, which appear to protect capillaries from damage produced by cyclophosphamide, as revealed by other studies.

--Iwakawa A, Gasic TB, Viner ED, Gasic GJ. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1986 Jul-Sep;4(3):205-20.

Nao Xue Kang Oral Liquid (shui zhi), 10ml, tid. ATP, CoA, Vit C were accompanid. 27 cases were treated for 4 weeks, 8 were marekedly effetive, 11 improved and 8 ineffective.

32 cases of hypertension were treated with powder of shui zhi and zhe chong (capsulated at the ratio of 1:1), 0.25g each capsule, 1g, tid, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. Before the treatment, all other blood pressure lowering drugs were suspended. Results: 12 were mariedy effective, 17 effective, and 3 ineffective.

Shui Zhi Pian (each tablet contains 0.75g crude drug), 2~4 tablets daily, tid, 100 cases were treated, and 34 markedly effective, 56 improved, 9 ineffective and 1 aggravated.

shui zhi 6~15g, shi chang pu 6~20g, da huang 6~20g, yu jin 10~20g, dan shen 15g, fu ling 15g, bai shao 10g, yuan zhi 10g, gan cao 6g. Modify the formula according to accompanied symptoms. After 25 doses, among 38 treated cases, 28 were cured, 8 improved and 2 ineffective.

Shui Zhi Powder Capsule, 1g, tid, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. 24 cases were treated, and blood cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly lowered in all cases. fs

Shui Zhi Xiao Zhong Tang (experiential formula): shui zhi, dang gui, chi shao, chuan xiong, hong hua, chuan niu xi, 15g; huang qi 30~60g. External application was accompanied. 20 cases were treated with averagely 33 doses, and all were cured.

Except those noted, all references come from Weng Weiliang, et al., Clinical Chinese materia medica, Henan Science & Technology Press, 1998