Zhi Shi Injection could increase the blood pressure of anaesthetized dogs, and the effective ingredients were synephrine and N-methyl tyramjine. Zhi Shi Injection to anaesthetized dogs could slightly increaset the heart beat, improve T wave under shock and anoxic states.

zhi shi decoction could excite the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, increse the contractive rhythm of gastrointestineal movements. zhi shi decoction had inhibitory effect on isolated intestinal canals of mice and rabbits. It also showed inhibitory effect on in vivo intestines of anaesthetized dogs.

zhi shi had excitatory effect on unpregnant or pregnant, in vivo or isilated uterus of rabbits.

1. The variable effect on proliferation of a colon cancer cell line by the citrus fruit flavonoid Naringenin.

OBJECTIVE: Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in citrus fruits, is known to have anticarcinogenic properties. We have examined the effect of Naringenin on cell proliferation of an HT-29 colon cancer cell line. METHODS: HT-29 colon cancer cells were cultured in 96-well tissue culture plates. Naringenin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2.85 mmol were added to the wells of the Test group. The Control group contained all the elements present in the Test group with the exception of Naringenin. Cell proliferation was measured by colourimetric assay using the 2% WST-1 cell proliferation kit. RESULTS: Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in HT29 colon cancer cells exposed to Naringenin at doses greater than 0.71 mmol. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a potential role for citrus fruits as a source of chemoprotective agents for colon cancer.

--Frydoonfar HR, McGrath DR, Spigelman AD. Colorectal Dis. 2003 Mar;5(2):149-52.

2. Antiproliferative activities of citrus flavonoids against six human cancer cell lines.

Citrus fruits contain high concentrations of several classes of phenols, including numerous hydroxycinnamates, flavonoid glycosides, and polymethoxylated flavones. The latter group of compounds occurs without glycosidic linkages and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a number of cancer cell lines. This antiproliferative property was further demonstrated against additional human cancer cell lines, and the antiproliferative actions of a series of synthetic methoxylated flavones were also studied. Similar to the naturally occurring compounds, the synthetic compounds exhibited strong antiproliferative activities. In many cases the IC(50) values occurred below 10 microm. Other hydroxylated flavone and flavanone aglycons also exhibited antiproliferative activities against the cancer cell lines, with the flavones showing greater activities than the flavanones. Glycosylation of these compounds removed their activity. The strong antiproliferative activities of the polymethoxylated flavones suggest that they may have use as anticancer agents in humans.

--Manthey JA, Guthrie N. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Oct 9;50(21):5837-43.

3. Anticancer and health protective properties of citrus fruit components.

Accumulated evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates that there is a low risk of degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cataract, stroke and, in particular, cancers in people with a high intake of fruit and vegetables. This protective effect is assumed to be associated mainly with the antioxidant activities of either individual or interacting bioactive components present in the fruits and vegetables, and with other biochemical and physical characteristics of the identified and unknown bioactive components. The implicated bioactive components present in citrus fruits include vitamin C, beta-carotene, flavonoids, limonoids, folic acid, and dietary fibre. A high intake of citrus fruits may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.

--Silalahi J. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;11(1):79-84.

zhi shi had cariotonic, diuretic, anti-allergic effects. in vitro tests showed that zhi shi had inhibitory effect on helicobacter pylori with an inhibition zone of 19mm.

Zhi Shi Injection was used to treat various shock. Among 75 cases of shock, 52 were markedly effective, 29 cases had a temporary effect, 3 were ineffective.

Zhi Shi Injection 40~60g was added into 250ml 10% glucose for slow intravenous drip, 20~30 drips per minutes.

zhi shi 10g and bai ji 15g were decocted twice to get 200ml juice, take 100ml juice in the morning the evening respectively. Take furazolidone 0.1g 30 minutes before taking the decoction, bid, one week as a course of treatment. Among 12 treated gastric ulcer, 8 were cured and 4 markedly effective; among 31 cases treated duodenal bulbar ulcer, 19 were cured and 9 markedly effective.

zhi shi 15g, dai zhe shi 20g, bai zhu 12g, pu gong ying 20g, shan zha 12g, fu ling 15g, liang mian zhen 15g, dang shen 12g. 1 dose every day, 40 days as a course of treatment. 84 cases of bile reflux gastritis were treated, 58 were clinically cured, 14 markedly effective, 2 improved and 2 ineffective.

Except those noted, all references come from Weng Weiliang, et al., Clinical Chinese materia medica, Henan Science & Technology Press, 1998