1. Lu CM, Yang JJ, Wang PY, Lin CC. A new acylated flavonol glycoside and antioxidant effects of Hedyotis diffusa. Planta Med 2000 May;66(4):374-7.
A study on the bioactive principles of Hedyotis diffusa Willd., led to the isolation of a new acyl flavonol di-glycoside which was characterized as kaempferol 3-O[2"-O-(E-6'"-O-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-D-galactop yranoside by spectral and chemical methods from the methanolic extract. In addition, three known flavonol glycosides and six known iridoid glycosides were also obtained. The above-mentioned glycosides were tested for antioxidant effects on xanthine oxidase inhibition, xanthine-xanthine oxidase cytochrome c and TBA-MDA systems.
2. Han F, Hu J, Xu H. Effects of some Chinese herbal medicine and green tea antagonizing mutagenesis caused by cigarette tar. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997 Mar;31(2):71-4.
Anti-mutagenic effects of some Chinese herbal medicine and green tea antagonizing cigarette tar was studied with unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test in human peripheral lymphocytes in order to exploit the better use of Chinese herbal resources. Results showed that Scutellaria barbata, Hedyotis diffusa wildi, Xihuangwan, green tea and tea polyphenol all had anti-mutagenic effects,
to some extent. And, 125 g/L of Scutellaria barbata, 125 g/L Hedyotis diffusa wildi, 325 g/L Xihuangwan, 78 g/L green tea and 25 g/L tea polyphenol could inhibit obviously the damage to DNA in lymphocytes caused by the total particle material (TPM) extracted from cigarette tar. If the Chinese herbal medicine and green tea were injected into cigarettes beforehand, extracted TPM (containing herbal medicine and green tea) also could protect DNA in lymphocytes from damage caused by cigarette tar, to even greater extent. This result is basically consistent with other anti-mutagenesis tests.
1. Anticancer effect
In vitro experiments showed that water and wine immersion fluid of jin yin hua had obvious cytoxic effect on Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma.
2. Clinical study
Jin Yin Hua Lu, 100ml, tid, 2 weeks as a course of treatment, analyze the effect after 2 courses. 978 cases of thirsty caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in tumor treatment were treated, the effective rate was 87% in radiotherapy group, and 74% in chemotherapy group.
1. Anticancer activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and its potential mechanism.
OBJECTIVE: Scutellaria baicalensis is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine that historically is used in anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy. The aim of the study is to determine its ability to inhibit human cancer cells in vitro and to determine whether its anticancer activity is because of the inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production that is derived from arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway. METHODS: Cell lines from the most common human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25, KB), breast cancer (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), prostate carcinoma (PC-3 and LNCaP), and colon cancer (KM-12 and HCT-15) were tested. The cells were treated with various concentrations of Scutellaria baicalensis (0.1-100 mg/mL) for 72 hours. Percentage of viable cells after treatment was assessed using a trypan blue dye exclusion assay and the level of PGE(2) production was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS: Scutellaria baicalensis demonstrated a strong dose-dependent growth inhibition in all cell lines. Inhibition concentration at 50% (IC(50)) for HepG2, MCF-7, PC-3, LNCaP, KM-12, HCT-15, KB and SCC-25 cells was 1.1, 0.9, 0.52, 0.82, 1.1, 1.5, 1.0, and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. Three cell lines (KB, SCC-25, and HepG2) were assessed for the production of PGE(2) and a high level of extracellular (KB and SCC-25) and intracellular PGE(2) (HepG2) was noted. In the presence of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, there was a significant decrease of PGE(2) in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Scutellaria baicalensis strongly inhibits cell growth in all cancer cell lines tested. However, prostate and breast cancer cells (PC-3, LNCaP, and MCF-7) are slightly more sensitive than other type of cancer cells. It also inhibits PGE(2) production, indicating that suppression of tumor cell growth may be due to its ability to inhibit COX-2 activity. This study supports the notion of using Scutellaria baicalensis as a novel anticancer agent to treat various cancers.
––Ye F, Xui L, Yi J, Zhang W, Zhang DY. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Oct;8(5):567-72.
2. Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by a flavonoid, baicalin.
The flavonoid baicalin (baicalein 7-D-beta-glucuronate) is isolated from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin). In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of baicalin on the growth, viability, and induction of apoptosis in several human prostate cancer cell lines, including DU145, PC-3, LNCaP and CA-HPV-10. The cell viability after treating with baicalin for 2-4 days was quantified by a colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-s ulfophenyl)- 2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The results showed that baicalin could inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The responses to baicalin were different among different cell lines, with DU145 cells being the most sensitive and LNCaP cells the most resistant. Baicalin caused a 50% inhibition of DU145 cells at concentrations of 150 microM or above. The inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells after a short period of exposure to baicalin was associated with induction by apoptosis, as evidenced by the typical nuclear fragmentation using Hoechst 33258 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) labeling, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The results indicate that baicalin has direct anti-tumor effects on human prostate cancer cells.
––Chan FL, Choi HL, Chen ZY, Chan PS, Huang Y. Cancer Lett. 2000 Nov 28;160(2):219-28.
1. Protease inhibitors and carcinoma of the esophagus.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is endemic in parts of South Africa. Previous case-control studies have shown many associations but no clear etiologic pathway has been established. A case-control study of dietary and social factors was performed for 130 patient/control pairs matched for age, gender, and educational level. Staple diet, consumption of wild vegetables, use of tobacco, and traditional beer consumption were compared between the two groups. The results showed that new significant associations were found with the consumption of beans (P = 0.016) and consumption of the full traditional diet of maize, pumpkin, and beans (P = 0.027). Known associations with the consumption of Solanum nigrum (P = 0.018) and with smoking (P = 0.002) were confirmed by multiple regression analysis. It’s concluded that Solanum nigrum, beans, and pumpkin all contain protease inhibitors. Suppression of protease inhibitors can lead to overexpression of growth factors in the esophagus, resulting in a proliferative and oncogenic drive.
––Sammon AM. Cancer 1998 Aug 1;83(3):405-8
2. Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Athar M. Crude extracts of hepatoprotective plants, Solanum nigrum and Cichorium intybus inhibit free radical-mediated DNA damage. J Ethnopharmacol 1995 Mar;45(3):189-92.
The presence of plant extracts of Solanum nigrum and Cichorium intybus in the reaction mixture containing calf thymus DNA and free radical generating system protect DNA against oxidative damage to its deoxyribose sugar moiety. The effect was dependent on the concentration of plant extracts. However, the effect of Cichorium intybus was much pronounced as compared to the effect of Solanum nigrum. These studies suggest that the observed hepatoprotective effect of these
crude plant extracts may be due to their ability to suppress the oxidative degradation of DNA in the tissue debris.
No related research.
1. Isolation and identification of antioxidants from Sophora japonica.
A new flavonol triglycoside, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), as well as two known kaempferol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the pericarps of Sophora japonica by bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure of compound 1 was established by UV, IR, MS, and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including DEPT, NOESY, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Compounds 1-3 showed antioxidative activity in DPPH and cytochrome-c assay using HL-60 cell system.
––Tang YP, Li YF, Hu J, Lou FC. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2002 Jun;4(2):123-8.
1. Anticancer and antithrombin activity of Russian plants.
A chromogenic bioassay was utilized to determine the antithrombin activity of the methylene chloride and methanol extracts prepared from forty-five plants of Russia. Mouse leukemia cells (L1210) were utilized to screen these extracts for activity against cancer. The results indicated that eight plant extracts demonstrated 90% or higher activity in the inhibition of thrombin. Also, nine methanol extracts demonstrated activity of 90% or higher in the inhibition of mouse leukemia L1210 cells. The methanol extracts of Quercus robur and Sanguisorba officinalis demonstrated high activity against both thrombin and cancer.
––Goun EA, Petrichenko VM, Solodnikov SU, Suhinina TV, Kline MA, Cunningham G, Nguyen C, Miles H. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Aug;81(3):337-42.