1. Clinical study
hai zao, zhe bei mu, ge fen, 3 each; xiang fu, bai jie zi, 2 each; xuan shen, xia ku cao, mu li, 4 each; jie geng, gan cao, 1 each; hong niang zi 30 piece, sticky rice 8. All drugs were made into power according to above proportion and made into pills. 4.5g, 2 times daily, after meals. 112 cases of thyroid benign tumors were treated, and 33 were cured, 35 markedly improved, 33 improved, and 11 ineffective.
1. The effect of dietary or intraperitoneally injected seaweed preparations on the growth of sarcoma-180 cells subcutaneously implanted into mice.
Sixteen preparations from 9 edible seaweeds including powdered weed (P), hot-water extract (E), the non-dialyzable fraction (I) of E and the residue (R) of hot-water extraction were incorporated into a basic diet, and they were given to mice implanted with Sarcoma-180 cells s.c., for 5 weeks. Consequently, diets with 6 preparations, E of Laminaria angustata, P and E of Laminaria angustata var. longissima, and P, E and R of Laminaria japonica var. ochotensis, were found to be effective, with inhibition ratios ranging from 70.3% to 83.6%. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 preparations from 6 edible seaweeds, including the above 3 weeds, were also noted to be effective in the same test system, with inhibition ratios ranging from 61.9% to 95.2%.
––Yamamoto I, Maruyama H, Takahashi M, Komiyama K. Cancer Lett. 1986 Feb;30(2):125-31.
2. The effect of dietary seaweeds on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.
Six groups of female rats were fed diets containing 2% of one of six powdered seaweeds for 152 days and a basic diet for 59 or 60 successive days, and controls were fed the basic diet for the whole experimental period. The 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was given to all rats intragastrically (20 mg/kg X 1), 27 days after the start of feeding. Diets with 3 weeds, Porphyra tenera (PT), Laminaria religiosa (LR) and L. japonica var. ochotensis (LO), showed an inhibitory effect on mammary tumorigenesis. Tumor incidences were 35% (7/20), 35% (7/20) and 50% (9/18), respectively, whereas that in the control group was 69% (20/29). There was a significant delay in the time to first palpable tumor in LR-fed and PT-fed rats (P less than 0.01). As for the tumor weight per rat in each group, it was significantly lower in the LR-fed group with a weight of 1.6 g, as compared with that of 16.3 g in the control group (P less than 0.02).
––Yamamoto I, Maruyama H, Moriguchi M. Cancer Lett. 1987 May;35(2):109-18.
3. The effect of adding Laminaria japonica to food on the long-term effects when combined with radiation injury
Irradiation of rats by 131I (10 Gy) incorporated in the thyroid and by 137Cs external source (6 Gy) was made. Part of animals received a ration with Laminaria that reduced a rise in frequency of leukemia, other malignant tumors and increased latent period of tumor formation.
––Knizhnikov VA, Komleva VA, Shandala NK, Voronova IuG, Rekhina NI. Gig Sanit. 1993 Dec;(12):37-9.
1. Antitumor effect
PTA(exogenous agglutinin) isolated from the fresh ban xia bulbs could agglutinate human liver tumor cell, Ehrlich carcinoma and ascitic type of liver cell. Experiments showed that the polysaccharide ingredients in ban xia PMN also had anti-tumor effects.
2. 32 cases of postoperative osteogenic sarcoma treated by chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicinal herbs
32 cases of postoperative osteogenic sarcoma treated by chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicinal herbs were compared with 26 similar cases as control group. The drugs used in chemotherapy consisted of two regimens, DDP and high-dose MTX plus VCR. The results showed that the side effects of chemotherapy in control group were consistent with literatures; while the group treated with Chinese medicinal herbs suffered less toxic effects, the difference between two groups was statistically significant. The medicinal herbs used to reduce the side effects induced by DDP was Pinellia ternata, Amomum cardamomum, Bambusa textilis, Citrus reticulata etc.; while the herbs used to alleviate the adverse effects of high-dose MTX plus VCR was Gypsum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Rehmannia glutinosa, Ophiopogon japonicus, Scrophularia ningpoensis, etc.
––Liu JQ, Wu DW. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1993 Mar;13(3):150-2, 132.
3. Clinical studies
Water-soluble extracts from ban xia were made into tablets for oral administration, each tablet was equal to 10g crude drug, 2~3 tablets, tid, after meals. 247 cases of cervical carcinoma at different stages were treated with this method for over 2 months’ course of treatment, and 63 cases were short-term cured, 84 markedly effective, 44 improved, the total effective rate was 77.3%. And it had an effective rate of 96.7% in patients at stage I, 74.7% in stage II, and 74.2% in stage III. Peeled fresh ban xia was made into pills after being smashed into paste, 2 g each time, 3~4 times daily. The pill was put under the tongue root and swallowed to treat 30 cases of obstruction in esophagus and cardia cancer. In the 25 patients of obstruction due to esophagus cancer, 9 were markedly effective, 12 improved; among 5 patients of cardia cancer, 2 were markedly effective. The administration was usually no more than 30 days.
sheng ban xia was decocted in water for over 15 minutes, modification was made according to different accompanying symptoms. 1 dose every other day, for consecutive 20 doses. Among treated 91 cases of thyroid tumor, 48 was cured, and 15 improved.
1. The variable effect on proliferation of a colon cancer cell line by the citrus fruit flavonoid Naringenin.
OBJECTIVE: Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in citrus fruits, is known to have anticarcinogenic properties. We have examined the effect of Naringenin on cell proliferation of an HT-29 colon cancer cell line. METHODS: HT-29 colon cancer cells were cultured in 96-well tissue culture plates. Naringenin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2.85 mmol were added to the wells of the Test group. The Control group contained all the elements present in the Test group with the exception of Naringenin. Cell proliferation was measured by colourimetric assay using the 2% WST-1 cell proliferation kit. RESULTS: Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in HT29 colon cancer cells exposed to Naringenin at doses greater than 0.71 mmol. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a potential role for citrus fruits as a source of chemoprotective agents for colon cancer.
––Frydoonfar HR, McGrath DR, Spigelman AD. Colorectal Dis. 2003 Mar;5(2):149-52.
2. Antiproliferative activities of citrus flavonoids against six human cancer cell lines.
Citrus fruits contain high concentrations of several classes of phenols, including numerous hydroxycinnamates, flavonoid glycosides, and polymethoxylated flavones. The latter group of compounds occurs without glycosidic linkages and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a number of cancer cell lines. This antiproliferative property was further demonstrated against additional human cancer cell lines, and the antiproliferative actions of a series of synthetic methoxylated flavones were also studied. Similar to the naturally occurring compounds, the synthetic compounds exhibited strong antiproliferative activities. In many cases the IC(50) values occurred below 10 microm. Other hydroxylated flavone and flavanone aglycons also exhibited antiproliferative activities against the cancer cell lines, with the flavones showing greater activities than the flavanones. Glycosylation of these compounds removed their activity. The strong antiproliferative activities of the polymethoxylated flavones suggest that they may have use as anticancer agents in humans.
––Manthey JA, Guthrie N. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Oct 9;50(21):5837-43.
3. Anticancer and health protective properties of citrus fruit components.
Accumulated evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates that there is a low risk of degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cataract, stroke and, in particular, cancers in people with a high intake of fruit and vegetables. This protective effect is assumed to be associated mainly with the antioxidant activities of either individual or interacting bioactive components present in the fruits and vegetables, and with other biochemical and physical characteristics of the identified and unknown bioactive components. The implicated bioactive components present in citrus fruits include vitamin C, beta-carotene, flavonoids, limonoids, folic acid, and dietary fibre. A high intake of citrus fruits may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.
––Silalahi J. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;11(1):79-84.
No related research.
No related research.
No related research.
No related research.
1. Corosolic acid isolated from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa is a protein kinase C inhibitor as well as a cytotoxic agent.
Corosolic acid isolated from the fruit of Cratoegus pinnatifida var. psilosa was tested for anticancer activity. Corosolic acid displayed about the same potent cytotoxic activity as ursolic acid against several human cancer cell lines. In addition, the compound displayed antagonistic activity against the phorbol ester-induced morphological modification of K-562 leukemic cells, indicating the suppression of protein kinase C (PKC) activity by the cytotoxic compound. The compound showed PKC inhibition with dose-dependent pattern in an in vitro PKC assay.
––Ahn KS, Hahm MS, Park EJ, Lee HK, Kim IH. Planta Med. 1998 Jun;64(5):468-70.
2. Cytotoxic triterpenes from Crataegus pinnatifida.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosaceae) gave two cytotoxic ursane-type triterpenes which were identified as uvaol (1) and ursolic acid (2) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. 3-Oxo-ursolic acid (3) was synthesized from ursolic acid (2) by Jones method. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were tested against murine L1210 and human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15) in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxicities against L1210, whereas they showed weak activities against human cancer cell lines. However, compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities both in murine and in human cancer cell lines.
––Min BS, Kim YH, Lee SM, Jung HJ, Lee JS, Na MK, Lee CO, Lee JP, Bae K. Arch Pharm Res. 2000 Apr;23(2):155-8.
No related research.
No related research.